The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of a church in Germany. Many people began to break away from the Catholic Church and form their own faiths. Jean Calvin, founded the Calvinist faith and based his beliefs on the idea of predestination. In this new religion, a human is predestined by God to go to heaven or hell. Calvinism spread quickly throughout all ranks of society. Most of the middle classmen and craftsmen of France were believers in Calvinism. The economy of France was dependent on the craftsmen, tradesmen, merchants, and financers who were mainly Protestant. Catholics were annoyed by the Calvinist faith as they watched it gain popularity in France. By 1572, one-third of the nobility in France had become Calvinist.