Protestants in France were terrified by this ongoing violence. All were forced to convert to Catholicism, except 200,000 Huguenots fled from France. Anyone caught practicing Calvinism was executed or sent to the galley as slaves. Women and children were sent to the convents. Multiple countries in Europe began accepting the Huguenots. Other Catholic nations condoned the acts of France. The Pope disapproved of the tactics used by King Louis XIV. Many of the Huguenots fled to England, the Netherlands, Germany, America, or South Africa. An estimated 40,000-50,000 refuges crossed the English channel in small rafts. Due to the fact many Calvinists were members of the working middle class, France’s economy would slow dramatically. It is also worth noting France allowed ministers two weeks notice to convert or leave the country. Only 20% of 700 ministers recanted and converted to Catholicism. 560 Protestant ministers went into exile and remained Calvinist. The Roman Catholic Church had lost some of their prestigious power in Europe by pushing Louis to revoke the edict. After relocating to England, many Huguenots came to America and founded a colony in North Carolina around 1690. The English Government had allotted a plot of land on the western edge of North Carolina that was used as a buffer to protect the other colonies from Native Americans. Other settlements such as Manikan Town were established near present day Richmond, Virginia.